Saint Library
September 21historicalUniversal

Matthew the Apostle

Evangelist

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A tax collector at his booth in Capernaum, Matthew left his post the moment Jesus said 'Follow me' — then hosted a feast for fellow outcasts that scandalized the Pharisees. His Gospel, the most Jewish of the four, reads Jesus' life as the deliberate fulfillment of the Hebrew scriptures, structured around five great discourses that echo the five books of Moses.

Matthew the Apostle
Their Story

Interactive Lesson

The Illustrated Life

Matthew the Apostle's story in 13 illustrated moments — tap any scene to begin there.

Matthew the Apostle — scene 11

A man sits at a stone table by the Capernaum road, counting Rome's coins under a bright Galilean sun. Every Jew who passes looks away. Then a stranger stops, meets his eyes, and says two words: 'Follow me.' Everything changes in an instant.

Matthew the Apostle — scene 22

He is born Levi, son of Alphaeus, in Capernaum on the northern shore of the Sea of Galilee — a fishing town that smells of brine and commerce. From birth, his world hums with trade routes, Roman soldiers, and sharp social lines no one dares cross.

Matthew the Apostle — scene 33

Young Levi grows up reading Torah, dreaming of a different life than fishing. But somewhere he takes a road most Jews despise — he becomes a tax collector for Rome. It pays well. It costs him everything else: his name, his community, his honor.

Matthew the Apostle — scene 44

One ordinary morning at his booth, Jesus of Nazareth walks up and says simply, 'Follow me.' Matthew does not bargain, does not ask about salary or destination. He rises, leaves the coins where they sit, and walks away from everything he has built.

Matthew the Apostle — scene 55

That same evening, Matthew throws open his house and fills it with every outcast he knows — fellow tax collectors, sinners, the wrong kind of people. The Pharisees are watching from outside and they are furious. Jesus stays at the table anyway.

Matthew the Apostle — scene 66

Jesus answers the Pharisees from inside the feast: 'I came not to call the righteous, but sinners.' Matthew hears this and understands that his whole broken past is not a disqualification — it is the very reason he was chosen. That changes a man.

Matthew the Apostle — scene 77

Years later, Matthew writes a Gospel unlike any other. He structures it like the Torah — five great discourses, Moses reborn in Jesus. Every line reaches back into the Hebrew scriptures and says: 'Here. This is who he was. This was always the plan.'

Matthew the Apostle — scene 88

The surprise: the most powerful Gospel about Jesus the Jewish Messiah was written by a man his people considered a traitor. God chose the one no synagogue would seat to pen the book that would open the Kingdom to all nations. The margins matter.

Matthew the Apostle — scene 99

Tradition carries him far from Capernaum — east through Judea, then beyond into the foreign lands ancient writers call 'Ethiopia.' Alone, aging, in an alien court, he rebukes a king who wants him to betray a consecrated woman. The king's guards draw their swords.

Matthew the Apostle — scene 1010

In the Upper Room at Pentecost, the Holy Spirit falls like fire and Matthew is changed from the inside. The man who once traded in Caesar's coins now carries something no treasury can hold: a witness that death could not contain, and a mission no border can stop.

Matthew the Apostle — scene 1111

He dies at the altar, cut down for refusing to betray what he loves. The tax collector who once served Caesar's empire falls serving a different King. He is remembered as a martyr — though the place of his death, like his life, resists easy categories.

Matthew the Apostle — scene 1212

The Church keeps his feast on September 21st. Accountants, bankers, and tax collectors claim him as patron. His Gospel opens every New Testament ever printed. The outcast at the customs table turned out to be the one who would introduce Jesus to the world.

Matthew the Apostle — scene 1313

Matthew's whole life says this: you are never too far gone to be called. Your past is not your prison. The thing you are most ashamed of may be exactly what God uses to tell the greatest story ever told. Rise. Follow. The table is already set for you.

Begin the full lesson~2 min

Life & Times

Early Life

Born as Levi in Capernaum. Worked as a tax collector for Rome — a position that made him a social outcast among his fellow Jews — until Jesus called him from his customs post.

Turning Point

He immediately abandoned his booth, hosted a great feast for Jesus and fellow outcasts, and was numbered among the Twelve Apostles.

Legacy

Tradition, recorded by Irenaeus and Clement of Alexandria, says he preached to Jewish communities in Judea before traveling abroad. He is venerated as a martyr, though the place and manner of his death remain disputed.

Key Moments
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Born in Capernaum

Born as Levi, son of Alphaeus, in Galilee.

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Called by Jesus

Sitting at his customs post in Capernaum, Matthew heard Jesus say 'Follow me' and immediately left his position.

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Great Banquet

Hosts a feast for Jesus at his house, attended by tax collectors and sinners, scandalizing the Pharisees.

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Chosen as Apostle

Selected as one of the Twelve Apostles; present at the Resurrection appearances.

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Pentecost

Receives the Holy Spirit with the Twelve in the Upper Room in Jerusalem.

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Gospel Written

Tradition attributes to Matthew a Gospel written in Hebrew or Aramaic for Jewish Christians, demonstrating Jesus as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy.

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Mission Beyond Judea

After preaching in Judea, tradition — recorded by Irenaeus and Clement of Alexandria — places his later mission abroad; nearly all ancient sources mention 'Ethiopia,' likely referring to a region near the Caspian Sea rather than modern Africa. According to legend he was martyred there.

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Historical Context

Matthew the Apostle, also known as Levi, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus and is traditionally credited as the author of the Gospel that bears his name — the first book of the New Testament. His calling is one of the most striking scenes in the Gospels: a tax collector at his customs post in Capernaum, Matthew heard Jesus say simply, 'Follow me,' and left immediately. As a tax collector (telōnēs) working for the Roman administration in Galilee, Matthew occupied one of the most despised positions in Jewish society. Tax collectors were seen as collaborators with the Roman occupation and were grouped with sinners and social outcasts. Jesus choosing such a man as one of his closest companions was deliberately counter-cultural and illustrated his teaching that he came 'not to call the righteous, but sinners.' Matthew's subsequent hosting of a great banquet for Jesus, attended by 'many tax collectors and sinners,' further provoked the religious establishment. The Gospel attributed to Matthew is the most Jewish of the four, systematically demonstrating how Jesus fulfilled Old Testament prophecy. Structured around five major discourses — evoking the five books of Moses — it contains the Beatitudes, the Lord's Prayer, and the Great Commission. Church Fathers such as Irenaeus, Clement of Alexandria, and Origen affirm Matthew's authorship, with early tradition holding that he wrote first in Hebrew or Aramaic before a Greek version circulated. Most modern critical biblical scholars, however, do not accept direct apostolic authorship of the Greek text in its present form, though the traditional attribution still has serious defenders. After the dispersal of the apostles from Jerusalem, early Church Fathers record that Matthew preached first to Jewish communities in Judea before traveling abroad. Nearly every ancient source mentions 'Ethiopia' as a later destination, though scholars note this likely refers to a region south of the Caspian Sea in ancient Persia rather than the modern African nation. Other traditions mention Parthia or Macedonia. The Catholic and Orthodox Churches both hold that Matthew died as a martyr. According to legend, while preaching in that eastern 'Ethiopia,' Matthew consecrated a local princess, Ephigenia, to a life of virginity. When King Hirtacus demanded that Matthew persuade her to marry him, the apostle publicly rebuked the king at the altar and was killed on the spot by the king's bodyguard. The Babylonian Talmud (Sanhedrin 43a) also appears to record the execution of 'Mattai,' a disciple of Jesus. He remains the patron saint of accountants, bankers, tax collectors, and money changers.
Canonization: saint Wikipedia

Life Locations

Words & Wisdom

Prayers
"Prayer asking for the grace to follow Christ without looking back."

O God, who with untold mercy were pleased to choose as an Apostle Saint Matthew, the tax collector, grant that, sustained by his example and intercession, we may merit to hold firm in following you. Through our Lord Jesus Christ, your Son, who lives and reigns with you in the unity of the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.

winged manIncarnation
coinsRenunciation

Related Saints

Connections in the communion of saints

Begin Lesson · ~2 min